Elepaio
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(Difference between revisions)
'''Size:''' 6 inches (15 cm) | '''Size:''' 6 inches (15 cm) | ||
| - | '''Habitat:''' Oceania; Hawaiian Islands. On Hawai`i, C. s. bryani occupies arid, mostly high-altitude mamane and mamane-naio woodland, sandwichensis occurs in mesic habitats on western and south-western slopes, and ridgwayi is restricted to wet, eastern slopes. On O`ahu, ibidis is most abundant in mesic forest in | + | '''Habitat:''' Oceania; Hawaiian Islands. On Hawai`i, ''C. s. bryani'' occupies arid, mostly high-altitude mamane and mamane-naio woodland, sandwichensis occurs in mesic habitats on western and south-western slopes, and ridgwayi is restricted to wet, eastern slopes. On O`ahu, ibidis is most abundant in mesic forest in valleys. On Kaua`i, sclateri is most abundant in wet to mesic montane forest, also occurring in woodland, scrub, savanna and drier habitats, at lower densities. It feeds on insects and other invertebrates. |
'''Status:''' Vulnerable. Global Population: 240,000 Mature individuals. The habitat of the 'elepaio has been heavily browsed by feral ungulates and introduced grasses suppress regeneration and potentially increase the risk of fire. On O`ahu habitat loss to development has been extensive, with 56% of the former range of ibidis zoned for agricultural or urban development. Diseases, such as avain pox and malaria, spread by mosquitos, are a problem at low and middle elevations on all islands, increasing mortality of adults by c.25% on O`ahu, and possibly preventing birds from nesting. Malaria prevalence in the species on O`ahu has been recorded at 87%, with 36% of birds showing signs of avian pox. High prevalences in mosquito-borne diseases and local declines in the species's population are associated with high rainfall. Nest-predation by black rats Rattus rattus is the most serious current problem on O`ahu. Fires are known to destroy key habitat and promote the spread of alien plants on O`ahu. Hurricane Iniki, in 1992, drastically reduced all populations of sclateri. | '''Status:''' Vulnerable. Global Population: 240,000 Mature individuals. The habitat of the 'elepaio has been heavily browsed by feral ungulates and introduced grasses suppress regeneration and potentially increase the risk of fire. On O`ahu habitat loss to development has been extensive, with 56% of the former range of ibidis zoned for agricultural or urban development. Diseases, such as avain pox and malaria, spread by mosquitos, are a problem at low and middle elevations on all islands, increasing mortality of adults by c.25% on O`ahu, and possibly preventing birds from nesting. Malaria prevalence in the species on O`ahu has been recorded at 87%, with 36% of birds showing signs of avian pox. High prevalences in mosquito-borne diseases and local declines in the species's population are associated with high rainfall. Nest-predation by black rats Rattus rattus is the most serious current problem on O`ahu. Fires are known to destroy key habitat and promote the spread of alien plants on O`ahu. Hurricane Iniki, in 1992, drastically reduced all populations of sclateri. | ||
